The Role of Insulin Resistance in PCOS and Women's Health

June 9, 2024
Illustration for The Role of Insulin Resistance in PCOS and Women's Health

The Role of Insulin Resistance in PCOS and Women's Health

Introduction

Insulin resistance is a key factor in the development and progression of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and has far-reaching effects on women's health. This article explains what insulin resistance is, how it relates to PCOS, and what women can do to manage it.

What is Insulin Resistance?

Insulin is a hormone that helps cells absorb glucose from the bloodstream. Insulin resistance occurs when cells become less responsive to insulin, leading to higher blood sugar and insulin levels.

How Insulin Resistance Affects Women

  • Weight Gain: Especially around the abdomen.
  • Increased Androgen Production: High insulin stimulates the ovaries to produce more androgens, worsening PCOS symptoms.
  • Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: Chronic insulin resistance can lead to diabetes.
  • Cardiovascular Risks: High blood pressure, cholesterol, and heart disease.

Insulin Resistance and PCOS

  • Up to 70% of women with PCOS have some degree of insulin resistance.
  • Insulin resistance contributes to irregular periods, infertility, and metabolic complications in PCOS.

Signs and Symptoms of Insulin Resistance

  • Fatigue after meals
  • Sugar cravings
  • Difficulty losing weight
  • Dark patches of skin (acanthosis nigricans)
  • Elevated blood sugar or insulin levels

Diagnosing Insulin Resistance

  • Fasting Blood Glucose and Insulin Levels
  • Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT)
  • Hemoglobin A1c Test

Managing Insulin Resistance

Diet

  • Low-Glycemic Index Foods: Whole grains, legumes, vegetables, and fruits.
  • Reduce Sugar and Refined Carbs: Limit sweets, white bread, and sugary drinks.
  • Healthy Fats and Lean Proteins: Support stable blood sugar.

Exercise

  • Aerobic Exercise: Walking, cycling, swimming.
  • Strength Training: Builds muscle and improves insulin sensitivity.

Medications

  • Metformin: Commonly prescribed for PCOS and insulin resistance.
  • Other Medications: As needed for blood sugar control.

Weight Management

  • Even modest weight loss can improve insulin sensitivity and PCOS symptoms.

Long-Term Health Implications

  • Increased risk of type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and certain cancers.
  • Importance of regular monitoring and proactive management.

Conclusion

Insulin resistance is central to PCOS and women's metabolic health. Lifestyle changes, medical management, and regular monitoring can help women take control of their health.

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